\n![\"ilu3.jpg\"](\"https:\/\/asociacerusistu.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ilu3.jpg\")
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<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\nRusk\u00e1 emigrace v Tunisku<\/div>\n
Ve 20. letech 20. stolet\u00ed p\u0159edstavovala rusk\u00e1 emigrace v Tunisku specifickou kapitolu v r\u00e1mci prvn\u00ed vlny tzv. \u201eb\u00edl\u00e9 emigrace\u201c, soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00e9 kolem evakuovan\u00e9 rusk\u00e9 carsk\u00e9 eskadry v tunisk\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edstavu Bizerta. Tato komunita \u010d\u00edtala p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 6\u00a0000 uprchl\u00edk\u016f, z toho okolo 1\u00a0500 n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edk\u016f a voj\u00e1k\u016f a 4\u00a0500 civilist\u016f v\u010detn\u011b \u017een a d\u011bt\u00ed. Eskadra odplula z Krymu do Konstantinopole (Istanbul) a d\u00e1le se souhlasem Francie do tunisk\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstavu Bizerta, kam na p\u0159elomu let 1920 a 1921 dorazilo celkem 33 rusk\u00fdch plavidel. Eskadra zahrnovala bitevn\u00ed lod\u011b (nap\u0159. Gener\u00e1l Alexejev), k\u0159i\u017en\u00edky, torp\u00e9doborce a pomocn\u00e1 plavidla.<\/div>\n
\u017divot komunity byl organizov\u00e1n vojensk\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem. Uprchl\u00edci \u017eili zpo\u010d\u00e1tku p\u0159\u00edmo na palub\u00e1ch lod\u00ed nebo ve star\u00fdch francouzsk\u00fdch vojensk\u00fdch t\u00e1borech na pevnin\u011b. P\u0159\u00edmo na lod\u00edch si Rusov\u00e9 z\u0159\u00eddili provizorn\u00ed pravoslavn\u00e9 chr\u00e1my, pozd\u011bji v zemi vznikly pravoslavn\u00e9 komunity \u2013 v Bizert\u011b a v hlavn\u00edm m\u011bst\u011b Tunisu. Na ostrov\u011b Djerba\u00a0ve m\u011bst\u011b Houmt Souk\u00a0pou\u017e\u00edvali v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed \u0159eck\u00fd chr\u00e1m Sv. Mikul\u00e1\u0161e.<\/div>\n
\n![\"kostel1.jpg\"](\"https:\/\/asociacerusistu.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/kostel1.jpg\")
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<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\nMo\u0159sk\u00fd sbor<\/div>\n
Nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed instituc\u00ed pro mlad\u00e9 mu\u017ee byl Mo\u0159sk\u00fd sbor (rusk\u00e1 n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed akademie), kter\u00fd byl evakuov\u00e1n z Krymu jako kompletn\u00ed \u0161kola. V Bizert\u011b fungoval od prosince 1920 do kv\u011btna 1925. Hlavn\u00edm z\u00e1zem\u00edm pro v\u00fduku se stala ob\u0159\u00ed bitevn\u00ed lo\u010f Gener\u00e1l Alexejev a pomocn\u00e1 lo\u010f Kron\u0161tadt. Kajuty lod\u00ed se prom\u011bnily v provizorn\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddy. Akademi\u00ed v Bizert\u011b pro\u0161lo 500 a\u017e 600 kadet\u016f. V\u00fduku vedli ti nejlep\u0161\u00ed car\u0161t\u00ed d\u016fstojn\u00edci, profeso\u0159i a in\u017een\u00fd\u0159i. U\u010dily se klasick\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty jako matematika, fyzika, zem\u011bpis, ciz\u00ed jazyky (p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm francouz\u0161tina) a samoz\u0159ejm\u011b n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed navigace, astronomie a taktika.<\/div>\n![\"1322.jpg\"](\"https:\/\/asociacerusistu.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/1322.jpg\")
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<\/div>\nKadeti sed\u011bli p\u0159i v\u00fduce v chladn\u00fdch podpalubn\u00edch prostorech. Psali na kousky star\u00fdch pap\u00edr\u016f, proto\u017ee se\u0161ity a u\u010debnice byly obrovsk\u00fdm luxusem. Mnoho u\u010debnic profeso\u0159i sepisovali zpam\u011bti a kadeti si je ru\u010dn\u011b opisovali. J\u00eddlo bylo velk\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem. Francouzsk\u00e1 spr\u00e1va p\u0159id\u011blovala jen z\u00e1kladn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edd\u011bly (suchary, r\u00fd\u017ei, ob\u010das maso mizern\u00e9 kvality). \u010casto se va\u0159ila jen \u0159\u00eddk\u00e1 pol\u00e9vka. Sami emigranti vzpom\u00ednali, \u017ee m\u011bli neust\u00e1le hlad. Kadeti museli tak\u00e9 udr\u017eovat ob\u0159\u00ed ocelov\u00e9 lod\u011b v \u010distot\u011b. Drhli paluby, \u010distili rez a dr\u017eeli hl\u00eddky. Prob\u00edhal tak\u00e9 tvrd\u00fd fyzick\u00fd a vojensk\u00fd v\u00fdcvik.<\/div>\n![\"1328.jpg\"](\"https:\/\/asociacerusistu.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/1328.jpg\")
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<\/div>\nVrcholem sna\u017een\u00ed u\u010ditel\u016f bylo, aby kadeti \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b slo\u017eili z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00e9 zkou\u0161ky. Byli slavnostn\u011b pov\u00fd\u0161eni do hodnosti n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edch d\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f (gardemarin\u016f). Dostali opravdov\u00e9 d\u016fstojnick\u00e9 n\u00e1ramen\u00edky, co\u017e pro n\u011b v exilu byla ta nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e1 \u010dest. Kdy\u017e byla eskadra v prosinci 1924 rozpu\u0161t\u011bna, tito mlad\u00ed mu\u017ei, vycvi\u010den\u00ed pro mo\u0159sk\u00e9 bitvy, se ocitli na tunisk\u00e9m b\u0159ehu bez lod\u00ed. Svou discipl\u00ednu a skv\u011bl\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed z lodn\u00edch palub v\u0161ak dok\u00e1zali vyu\u017e\u00edt \u2013 v\u011bt\u0161ina z nich se pozd\u011bji prosadila jako \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00ed in\u017een\u00fd\u0159i a stavitel\u00e9 po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/div>\n![\"1335.jpg\"](\"https:\/\/asociacerusistu.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/1335.jpg\")
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<\/div>\n\u017divot emigrant\u016f v Tunisku<\/div>\n
Mlad\u0161\u00ed d\u011bti, \u017eeny a d\u00edvky ne\u017eily v tak p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9m vojensk\u00e9m re\u017eimu, ale jejich podm\u00ednky byly stejn\u011b obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9. Pro d\u011bti byl p\u0159\u00edchod do Tuniska obrovsk\u00fdm kulturn\u00edm a klimatick\u00fdm \u0161okem. Ze zasn\u011b\u017een\u00e9ho a v\u00e1lkou zni\u010den\u00e9ho Ruska se ocitly v zemi s p\u00e1l\u00edc\u00edm sluncem, palmami a arabskou kulturou. Rodiny s d\u011btmi byly \u010dasto ubytov\u00e1ny na star\u00fdch dopravn\u00edch lod\u00edch (nap\u0159. Velkokn\u00ed\u017ee Konstantin). Kajuty byly p\u0159epln\u011bn\u00e9 – rodiny od sebe byly \u010dasto odd\u011bleny jen provizorn\u00edmi z\u00e1v\u011bsy z prost\u011bradel.<\/div>\n
Pozd\u011bji Francouzi dovolili z\u0159\u00eddit provizorn\u00ed \u0161koly a t\u00e1bory na pevnin\u011b (nap\u0159. v opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch francouzsk\u00fdch kas\u00e1rn\u00e1ch ve Sfajatu). D\u011bti nem\u011bly po\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 boty ani \u0161aty a \u010dasto nosily jen p\u0159e\u0161it\u00e9 star\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 uniformy sv\u00fdch otc\u016f nebo oble\u010den\u00ed z dar\u016f od mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch charitativn\u00edch organizac\u00ed.<\/div>\n
Zlomov\u00fd moment pro emigranty nastal na podzim roku 1924, kdy Francie ofici\u00e1ln\u011b uznala Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz. V prosinci byla eskadra ofici\u00e1ln\u011b rozpu\u0161t\u011bna, carsk\u00e9 vlajky byly sta\u017eeny a Rusov\u00e9 ztratili vojensk\u00fd status, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se stali b\u011b\u017en\u00fdmi uprchl\u00edky. Plavidla byla form\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159ed\u00e1na sov\u011btsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1d\u011b, ale v pr\u016fb\u011bhu dal\u0161\u00edch let byla Francouzi prod\u00e1na nebo se\u0161rotov\u00e1na.<\/div>\n
\u0158adov\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edci a voj\u00e1ci nach\u00e1zeli pr\u00e1ci v dolech, p\u0159i stavb\u011b silnic nebo v p\u0159\u00edstavech. \u010c\u00e1st voj\u00e1k\u016f a d\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed necht\u011bli opustit vojensk\u00e9 \u0159emeslo, vstoupila do francouzsk\u00e9 Cizineck\u00e9 legie, kter\u00e1 v t\u00e9 dob\u011b v severn\u00ed Africe masivn\u011b rekrutovala rusk\u00e9 exulanty. Mnoho rusk\u00fdch in\u017een\u00fdr\u016f, agronom\u016f, l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f a topograf\u016f na\u0161lo pr\u00e1ci ve francouzsk\u00e9 spr\u00e1v\u011b nebo v tunisk\u00e9m zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a infrastruktu\u0159e. Velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st odjela zejm\u00e9na do Francie, Jugosl\u00e1vie a tak\u00e9 do \u010ceskoslovenska, kde prob\u00edhala Rusk\u00e1 pomocn\u00e1 akce.<\/div>\n
\n![\"tunis_kostel.jpg\"](\"https:\/\/asociacerusistu.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/tunis_kostel.jpg\")
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Rusk\u00fd pravoslavn\u00fd chr\u00e1m
Vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en\u00ed Krista v Tunisu<\/strong><\/div>\n
Vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en\u00ed Krista v Tunisu<\/strong><\/div>\n
Chr\u00e1m svat\u00e9ho Alexandra N\u011bvsk\u00e9ho
v Bizert\u011b<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
v Bizert\u011b<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
Rusk\u00e1 pomocn\u00e1 akce v \u010ceskoslovensku<\/div>\n
Zat\u00edmco v Tunisku \u0161lo o \u017eiveln\u00fd vojensk\u00fd \u00fastup a boj o hol\u00e9 p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed, \u010ceskoslovensko (\u010cSR) pod veden\u00edm prezidenta Tom\u00e1\u0161e Garrigua Masaryka a premi\u00e9ra Karla Kram\u00e1\u0159e vytvo\u0159ilo v roce 1921 st\u00e1tem organizovan\u00fd, promy\u0161len\u00fd a \u0161t\u011bd\u0159e financovan\u00fd program nazvan\u00fd Rusk\u00e1 pomocn\u00e1 akce (Rusk\u00e1 akce). C\u00edlem bylo zachr\u00e1nit ruskou inteligenci, poskytnout mlad\u00fdm lidem vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u0159ipravit je na n\u00e1vrat dom\u016f, kde m\u011bli vybudovat nov\u00e9 Rusko. Vznikly zde rusk\u00e9 a ukrajinsk\u00e9 univerzity, v\u011bdeck\u00e9 \u00fastavy a st\u0159edn\u00ed \u0161koly. Praha se tak stala doslova \u201eRusk\u00fdm Oxfordem v exilu\u201c.<\/div>\n
Rozd\u00edly mezi Tuniskem a \u010cSR<\/div>\n
I p\u0159es zna\u010dn\u00e9 rozd\u00edly v \u017eivotn\u00ed \u00farovni a podpo\u0159e m\u011bly ob\u011b komunity ve 20. letech n\u011bkolik spole\u010dn\u00fdch v\u011bc\u00ed – Rusov\u00e9 v Tunisku i v \u010ceskoslovensku v\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee jejich exil potrv\u00e1 jen p\u00e1r m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f nebo let. Ob\u011b komunity si okam\u017eit\u011b vybudovaly vlastn\u00ed duchovn\u00ed z\u00e1zem\u00ed. V Tunisku vznikly pravoslavn\u00e9 chr\u00e1my v Bizert\u011b a hlavn\u00edm m\u011bst\u011b, v \u010cSR vznikl pravoslavn\u00fd chr\u00e1m na Ol\u0161ansk\u00fdch h\u0159bitovech v Praze.<\/div>\n
Koncem 20. let, v souvislost\u00ed s kriz\u00ed, za\u010daly v \u010cSR pen\u00edze na stipendia doch\u00e1zet. To vedlo k tomu, \u017ee mnoho rusk\u00fdch intelektu\u00e1l\u016f z Prahy (stejn\u011b jako z Tuniska) ode\u0161lo za prac\u00ed do Francie nebo do USA. Rusk\u00e1 emigrace v Tunisku byla p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhem hrout\u00edc\u00ed se arm\u00e1dy, kter\u00e1 musela v t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch severn\u00ed Afriky tvrd\u011b bojovat o p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed, v \u010ceskoslovensku se prom\u011bnila v unik\u00e1tn\u00ed kulturn\u00ed a v\u011bdeck\u00fd fenom\u00e9n. Masarykova Rusk\u00e1 akce nem\u00e1 v modern\u00edch d\u011bjin\u00e1ch obdoby \u2013 mlad\u00fd \u010deskoslovensk\u00fd st\u00e1t dok\u00e1zal zachr\u00e1nit velkou \u010d\u00e1st rusk\u00e9 elity, kterou z vlasti vyhnal bol\u0161evick\u00fd teror a ob\u010dansk\u00e1 v\u00e1lka.<\/div>\n
Prosp\u011bch pro \u010ceskoslovensko byl velk\u00fd. V zemi p\u016fsobily kapacity sv\u011btov\u00e9ho form\u00e1tu – nap\u0159. sociolog Pitirim Sorokin, lingvista Roman Jakobson \u010di filozof Nikolaj Losskij. Tis\u00edce exulant\u016f se integrovaly a pracovaly jako \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00ed in\u017een\u00fd\u0159i, stavitel\u00e9, agronomov\u00e9 \u010di l\u00e9ka\u0159i, \u010d\u00edm\u017e v\u00fdrazn\u011b pomohli rozkv\u011btu tehdej\u0161\u00ed meziv\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 \u010cSR.<\/div>\n
* * *<\/div>\n
V roce 2010 nato\u010dil re\u017eis\u00e9r Daniel Syrych dokument\u00e1rn\u00ed film \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434<\/em> (Velk\u00fd rusk\u00fd exodus<\/em>). Prvn\u00edch 17 minut se t\u00fdk\u00e1 Krymu a Tunisu.<\/div>\n
\u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434<\/strong><\/a><\/div>\n
V Bizert\u011b funguje unik\u00e1tn\u00ed Muzeum rusk\u00e9 emigrace v Tunisku (ofici\u00e1ln\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako Anastasia Manstein-Chirinsky Russian Museum), kter\u00e9 spravuj\u00ed dobrovoln\u00ed spr\u00e1vci. Poskytli n\u00e1m v\u00fdklad o osudech rusk\u00fdch exulant\u016f a doprovodili n\u00e1s na k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fd h\u0159bitov s dochovan\u00fdmi hroby rusk\u00fdch veter\u00e1n\u016f a n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edch d\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f.<\/div>\n
Ji\u0159\u00ed Klapka<\/em><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Za\u010d\u00e1tkem z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed jsme nav\u0161t\u00edvili Tunis. Kvetly tu oleandry, ibi\u0161ky a bugenviley, dozr\u00e1vala gran\u00e1tov\u00e1 jablka, f\u00edky, opuncie a za\u010d\u00ednala sklize\u0148 vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00fdch tunisk\u00fdch datl\u00ed. Mo\u0159e m\u011blo 37\u00a0stup\u0148\u016f Celsia a vzduch 32. Bylo tomu 105 let kdy do Tuniska p\u0159ipluly posledn\u00ed lod\u011b rusk\u00e9 carsk\u00e9 eskadry a v \u010ceskoslovensku byla vyhl\u00e1\u0161ena Rusk\u00e1 pomocn\u00e1 akce. Rusk\u00e1 emigrace v Tunisku Ve\u2026 Read More: LETN\u00cd PUTOV\u00c1N\u00cd \u2013 PO STOP\u00c1CHRUSK\u00c9 EMIGRACE V TUNISKU »<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7267","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nezarazene"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/asociacerusistu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7267","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/asociacerusistu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/asociacerusistu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asociacerusistu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asociacerusistu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7267"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/asociacerusistu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7267\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7289,"href":"https:\/\/asociacerusistu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7267\/revisions\/7289"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/asociacerusistu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7267"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asociacerusistu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=7267"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asociacerusistu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=7267"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}