{"id":5514,"date":"2024-03-05T13:18:36","date_gmt":"2024-03-05T12:18:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/asociacerusistu.cz\/?p=5514"},"modified":"2024-03-05T14:31:47","modified_gmt":"2024-03-05T13:31:47","slug":"bedrich-smetana-a-rusko","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/asociacerusistu.cz\/?p=5514","title":{"rendered":"BED\u0158ICH SMETANA A RUSKO"},"content":{"rendered":"
Bed\u0159ich Smetana v Rusku nikdy nebyl, ale zab\u00fdval se my\u0161lenkou na um\u011bleck\u00e9 turn\u00e9 po rusk\u00fdch m\u011bstech a prvn\u00ed zahrani\u010dn\u00ed proveden\u00ed Prodan\u00e9 nev\u011bsty se konalo v roce 1871 v carsk\u00e9m Mariinsk\u00e9m divadle v Petrohrad\u011b.<\/strong><\/div>\n
Nemo propheta in patria \u2013 Nikdo nen\u00ed doma prorokem …<\/div>\n
Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b, kdy\u017e to \u201edoma\u201c nen\u00ed ani velk\u00e9, ani bohat\u00e9. Jako \u0159ada \u010desk\u00fdch hudebn\u00edk\u016f a skladatel\u016f p\u0159ed n\u00edm i po n\u011bm hledal Bed\u0159ich Smetana sv\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b, v\u010detn\u011b vystoupen\u00ed v Rusku. Jeho p\u0159\u00edtel a u\u010ditel, evropsky proslul\u00fd klav\u00edrn\u00ed virtuos Alexander Dreyschock<\/a>, mil\u00e1\u010dek rusk\u00e9ho publika, mu v\u0161ak pomohl k anga\u017em\u00e1 ve \u0161v\u00e9dsk\u00e9m G\u00f6teborgu a Smetana tam p\u011bt sezon 1856\u201361 \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b p\u016fsobil jako u\u010ditel hudby, klav\u00edrista a dirigent Filharmonick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti. Dreyschock po \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9m evropsk\u00e9m turn\u00e9 odjel do Petrohradu, kde se stal profesorem petrohradsk\u00e9 konzervato\u0159e, \u0159editelem dramatick\u00e9 hudebn\u00ed \u0161koly a carsk\u00fdm dvorn\u00edm klav\u00edristou.<\/div>\n
V letech 1863-1866 psal Bed\u0159ich Smetana na libreto Karla Sabiny Prodanou nev\u011bstu<\/a>. Wikipedie uv\u00e1d\u00ed:<\/div>\n
… sv\u011btovou premi\u00e9ru m\u011bla 30. kv\u011btna 1866 v Prozat\u00edmn\u00edm divadle v Praze. Z\u00e1sluhou Emmy Destinnov\u00e9 byla v roce 1909 uvedena tak\u00e9 v Metropolitn\u00ed ope\u0159e v New Yorku, kde prem\u00e9ru 19.\u00a0\u00fanora 1909 dirigoval Gustav Mahler.<\/em><\/span><\/div>\n
Mezi t\u011bmi roky 1866 – 1909 uplynulo v\u00edce ne\u017e t\u0159icet let slavn\u00fdch inscenac\u00ed \u201eProdanky\u201c v Z\u00e1h\u0159ebu (1873), ve V\u00eddni a Berl\u00edn\u011b (1892), v Budape\u0161ti (1893), ve Stockholmu (1894), v Lond\u00fdn\u011b a Var\u0161av\u011b (1895), v Bukure\u0161ti a v Mil\u00e1n\u011b (1905) a v mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch m\u011bstech.<\/div>\n
* * *<\/div>\n
Prvn\u00ed zahrani\u010dn\u00ed proveden\u00ed se uskute\u010dnilo roku 11. ledna 1871 v Rusku, v carsk\u00e9 ope\u0159e v Petrohrad\u011b. Smetana s\u00e1m, o dva roky d\u0159\u00edve, usiloval o proveden\u00ed Prodan\u00e9 nev\u011bsty v pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00e9 \u00d3p\u00e9ra comique. Dokomponoval tance a d\u00edlo roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il na t\u0159i jedn\u00e1n\u00ed. P\u0159esto\u017ee Smetanovi velmi pom\u00e1hala \u0159ada um\u011blc\u016f p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00edch v Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ei nap\u0159. p\u011bvkyn\u011b Giuseppina Vitali, houslista Franti\u0161ek Ond\u0159\u00ed\u010dek \u010di skladatel Camille Saint-Sa\u00ebns, jedn\u00e1n\u00ed skon\u010dila po t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 dvou letech ne\u00fasp\u011bchem.<\/div>\n
Kone\u010dnou podobu se zp\u00edvan\u00fdmi recitativy z\u00edskala Prodan\u00e1 nev\u011bsta d\u00edky z\u00e1jmu o uveden\u00ed d\u00edla v Petrohrad\u011b. Inici\u00e1torem uveden\u00ed byl \u010desk\u00fd opern\u00ed p\u011bvec Josef V\u00e1clav Pale\u010dek<\/a> (\u041e\u0441\u0438\u043f \u041e\u0441\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041f\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043a<\/a>), kter\u00fd v Praze slavil velk\u00e9 \u00fasp\u011bchy v roli Kecala a od roku 1869 p\u016fsobil v carsk\u00e9 Mariinsk\u00e9m divadle. V souboru bylo v\u00edce \u010cech\u016f – slavn\u00fdm dirigentem tam byl Eduard N\u00e1pravn\u00edk<\/a> (\u042d\u0434\u0443\u0430\u0440\u0434 \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a<\/a>), kter\u00fd pracoval v Mariinsk\u00e9m divadle ji\u017e od roku 1862. Libreto p\u0159elo\u017eil do ru\u0161tiny Petr Ivanovi\u010d Kala\u0161nikov (1828 \u2013 1897).<\/div>\n
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K premi\u00e9\u0159e byl v Praze po\u0159\u00edzen reprezentativn\u00ed klav\u00edrn\u00ed v\u00fdtah
s dedikac\u00ed Konstantinu Nikolajevi\u010di, synu cara Nikolaje I.<\/strong><\/div>\n
Premi\u00e9ra Prodan\u00e9 nev\u011bsty se uskute\u010dnila 11. ledna 1871 a byla pro \u010deskou hudbu v prav\u00e9m slova smyslu historickou ud\u00e1lost\u00ed. Bylo to poprv\u00e9, co \u010desk\u00e1 zp\u011bvohra p\u0159ekro\u010dila hranice. Prvn\u00ed zpr\u00e1vu o vstupu Prodan\u00e9 nev\u011bsty na jevi\u0161t\u011b carsk\u00e9 opery p\u0159inesl Smetanovi Pale\u010dk\u016fv telegram, odeslan\u00fd hned po p\u0159edstaven\u00ed:<\/div>\n
SLAVN\u00dd \u00daSP\u011aCH NEV\u011aSTY. OVERTURA, KA\u017dD\u00c9 \u010c\u00cdSLO TLESK\u00c1NO. POLKA OPAKOV\u00c1NA, P\u0158\u00cdTOMNI VELKOKN\u00cd\u017dATA, N\u00c1SLEDN\u00cdK KONSTANTIN, VLADIM\u00cdR NIKOLAJEVI\u010c, VELKOKN\u011a\u017dNY, CENY NEJVY\u0160\u0160\u00cd, P\u0158EPLN\u011aNO, M\u016eJ BENEFIC, V\u011aNCE, V P\u00c1TEK PODRUH\u00c9. SL\u00c1VA V\u00c1M! PALE\u010cEK<\/span><\/div>\n
Druh\u00fd den pos\u00edl\u00e1 Pale\u010dek Smetanovi ob\u0161\u00edrn\u00fd dopis:<\/div>\n
\u2026 s v\u00fdsledkem m\u016f\u017eete b\u00fdt \u00fapln\u011b spokojen, j\u00e1 s\u00e1m byl n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t p\u0159eru\u0161en potleskem, polka ud\u011blala velk\u00fd efekt, hromov\u00fd potlesk, vol\u00e1n\u00ed, sbor pij\u00e1ck\u00fd se velmi l\u00edbil, stejn\u011b jako duet Jen\u00edka s Kecalem. Na konec opery jsme byli v\u0161ichni hlu\u010dn\u011b asi 10x vyvol\u00e1ni!<\/span><\/em><\/div>\n
… Velk\u00fd v\u00fdznam m\u00e1, \u017ee tam byl n\u00e1sledn\u00edk tr\u016fnu se \u017eenou a\u017e do konce. Bratr cara se mnou hovo\u0159il, podal mi ruku a pravil mi, \u017ee je s operou velmi spokojen. I dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edstaven\u00ed bylo \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9, p\u0159esto\u017ee se opozice sna\u017eila p\u0159edstaven\u00ed vysy\u010det. V druh\u00e9m jedn\u00e1n\u00ed se ale rozh\u0159\u00e1li a aplaudovali ka\u017ed\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo.<\/span><\/em><\/div>\n
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Josef V\u00e1clav Pale\u010dek
<\/strong>zdroj: Wikipedie<\/a><\/div>\n
Eduard N\u00e1pravn\u00edk
<\/strong>zdroj: Wikipedie<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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V\u00fd\u0159ez z obrazu Ilji Repina Slovan\u0161t\u00ed skladatel\u00e9 (1872)
– vlevo Eduard N\u00e1pravn\u00edk, sed\u00edc\u00ed Bed\u0159ich Smetana<\/strong>
zdroj: meisterdrucke.cz<\/div>\n
* * *<\/div>\n
Petrohradsk\u00e1 kritika v\u0161ak k Prodan\u00e9 nev\u011bst\u011b<\/em> a jej\u00edmu autorovi tak p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e1 nebyla. V pozad\u00ed byly napjat\u00e9 vztahy mezi Smetanou a M. A. Balakirevem, poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z doby jeho hostov\u00e1n\u00ed v Praze v roce 1866. K Prodan\u00e9 nev\u011bst\u011b se nep\u0159\u00edk\u0159eji vyjad\u0159ovali pr\u00e1v\u011b Balakirevovi p\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9. Siln\u00fdmi slovy ne\u0161et\u0159il zejm\u00e9na pak Cesar Antonovi\u010d Kjui:<\/div>\n
„… to nen\u00ed skladba, to je improvizace dob\u0159e nadan\u00e9ho \u010dtrn\u00e1ctilet\u00e9ho chlapce. Opera je pr\u00e1zdn\u00e1 a nechutn\u00e1.\u201c<\/em><\/span><\/div>\n
A jinde psali:<\/div>\n
\u201c… mysleli jsme, \u017ee bude smetana \u0430 ona to byla ky\u0161ka.\u201c<\/span><\/em><\/div>\n
Smetana si poznamenal v den\u00edku: \u201ez Petrohradu do\u0161ly zpr\u00e1vy, \u017ee kritiky m\u00e9 opery jsou ty nejhanebn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a skoro utrha\u010dn\u00e9\u2026.\u201c<\/em> Pot\u011b\u0161ila jej ale pozornost \u010dlen\u016f souboru carsk\u00e9 opery, kte\u0159\u00ed mu jako upom\u00ednku na prvn\u00ed zazn\u011bn\u00ed Prodan\u00e9 nev\u011bsty v Petrohrad\u011b poslali kr\u00e1sn\u011b vypraven\u00e9 album s portr\u00e9ty v\u0161ech \u00fa\u010dinkuj\u00edc\u00edch v kost\u00fdmech.<\/div>\n
* * *<\/div>\n
Z \u010desk\u00fdch ohlas\u016f na obranu Prodan\u00e9 nev\u011bsty byly zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 dva: Jana Nerudy a zejm\u00e9na Otakara Hostinsk\u00e9ho. Ten vysv\u011btlil \u010desk\u00e9 ve\u0159ejnosti, \u017ee rusk\u00e1 kritika si libuje v p\u0159\u00edkr\u00fdch odsudc\u00edch a \u017ee p\u0159ed jej\u00edm zrakem neobst\u00e1la ani uzn\u00e1van\u00e1 d\u00edla takov\u00fdch autor\u016f, jako je nap\u0159. Gounod, Wagner, Haydn, Mozart \u010di Rossini a \u017ee ani mnoz\u00ed z rusk\u00fdch skladatel\u016f, nejsou na tom, pokud jde o hodnocen\u00ed jejich d\u011bl, o mnoho l\u00e9pe. Na adresu Kjuje p\u00ed\u0161e v Hudebn\u00edch listech<\/em>:<\/div>\n
Odpov\u00eddati snad na takovou \u0159e\u010d, bylo by na\u0161eho listu ned\u016fstojn\u00e9. Pro takov\u00e9ho „objektivn\u00edho kritika“ m\u00e1me jen lhostejn\u00fd \u00fasm\u011bv, t\u00edm m\u00e9n\u011b si snad d\u00e1me jemu kv\u016fli, jak \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 n\u00e1\u0161 lid, „nohu za krk\u201c.<\/em><\/span><\/div>\n
K dal\u0161\u00edmu rusk\u00e9mu inscenov\u00e1n\u00ed do\u0161lo a\u017e v roce 1899. Prodanou nev\u011bstu uvedl hudebn\u011b ochotnick\u00fd spolek v Petrohrad\u011b. Jeho orchestr m\u011bl v\u00edce jak 50 \u010dlen\u016f, sbor 75, balet 18. Re\u017eie se ujal Josef Pale\u010dek, nyn\u00ed ji\u017e re\u017eis\u00e9r carsk\u00e9 opery a profesor konzervato\u0159e. V tisku byla p\u0159edstaven\u00ed v\u011bnov\u00e1na pozornost a hudebn\u00ed kritici je hodnotili daleko l\u00e9pe, ne\u017e jejich p\u0159edch\u016fdci:<\/div>\n
\u201eU obecenstva m\u011bla opera rozhodn\u00fd \u00fasp\u011bch, ale \u010d\u00e1st tehdej\u0161\u00ed kritiky strhala Smetanovo d\u00edlo. Nejsmutn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed na v\u011bci bylo, \u017ee tyto odsudky zp\u016fsobila z\u00e1\u0161\u0165 lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed drze han\u011bli v\u0161e, co nepoch\u00e1zelo z pera jejich druh\u016f. Pov\u011bstn\u00fd hlou\u010dek tzv. Ku\u010dkist\u016f!“ <\/em>*)<\/span>
<\/em><\/span><\/div>\n
*) Ku\u010dkist\u00e9 – tak\u00e9 Mocn\u00e1 hrstka<\/a> aj. – sdru\u017een\u00ed p\u011bti rusk\u00fdch skladatel\u016f ze Sankt-Pet\u011brburgu.<\/div>\n
* * *<\/div>\n
V\u00fdznamn\u00fdm datem v historii Prodan\u00e9 nev\u011bsty byl 28. duben 1936, kdy operu vys\u00edlalo moskevsk\u00e9 rozhlasov\u00e9 studio. Odezva tohoto vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed byla nov\u00fdm, vele\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdm vstupem Prodan\u00e9 nev\u011bsty na ruskou p\u016fdu. Auto\u0159i libreta byli \u0412\u0441\u0435e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430a\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0420\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439<\/a> (1895-1977) a \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0422\u043e\u043b\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439<\/a> (1883 – 1945).<\/div>\n
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Pam\u011btn\u00ed medaile k 150. v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed narozen\u00ed Bed\u0159icha Smetany (1974)
<\/strong>zdroj: auction.conros.ru<\/div>\n
V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b se \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430<\/a> uv\u00e1d\u00ed v p\u0159ekladu Sergeje Michalkova<\/a> (1913 \u2013 2009).<\/div>\n
Tedy – Pro\u010d bychom se net\u011b\u0161ili jeho p\u0159ekladem: \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f<\/a> (YouTube).<\/div>\n
Nej\u010dast\u011bji je v\u0161ak Prodan\u00e1 nev\u011bsta uv\u00e1d\u011bna s p\u016fvodn\u00edm \u010desk\u00fdm libretem. Z n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edho odkazu pak zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b doporu\u010duji duet Kecala a Jen\u00edka „\u0417\u043d\u0430\u043c \u0439\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0443 \u0434\u0438\u0432\u043a\u0443“ (1:35:35) \u0430 tercet Esmeraldy, Va\u0161ka a princip\u00e1la „\u041c\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0432\u0438\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e“ (2:06:40)<\/div>\n
\u00ab\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u00bb \u0411. \u0421\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438<\/strong><\/a><\/div>\n
Ji\u0159\u00ed Klapka<\/em><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bed\u0159ich Smetana v Rusku nikdy nebyl, ale zab\u00fdval se my\u0161lenkou na um\u011bleck\u00e9 turn\u00e9 po rusk\u00fdch m\u011bstech a prvn\u00ed zahrani\u010dn\u00ed proveden\u00ed Prodan\u00e9 nev\u011bsty se konalo v roce 1871 v carsk\u00e9m Mariinsk\u00e9m divadle v Petrohrad\u011b. Nemo propheta in patria \u2013 Nikdo nen\u00ed doma prorokem … Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b, kdy\u017e to \u201edoma\u201c nen\u00ed ani velk\u00e9, ani bohat\u00e9. Jako \u0159ada \u010desk\u00fdch\u2026 Read More: BED\u0158ICH SMETANA A RUSKO »<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5514","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nezarazene"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/asociacerusistu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5514","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/asociacerusistu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/asociacerusistu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asociacerusistu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asociacerusistu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5514"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/asociacerusistu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5514\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5536,"href":"https:\/\/asociacerusistu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5514\/revisions\/5536"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/asociacerusistu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5514"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asociacerusistu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5514"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asociacerusistu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5514"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}