{"id":4871,"date":"2023-07-26T09:09:23","date_gmt":"2023-07-26T07:09:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/asociacerusistu.cz\/?p=4871"},"modified":"2023-10-12T12:14:11","modified_gmt":"2023-10-12T10:14:11","slug":"jaroslav-hasek-a-rusko","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/asociacerusistu.cz\/?p=4871","title":{"rendered":"JAROSLAV HA\u0160EK A RUSKO"},"content":{"rendered":"
Jaroslav Ha\u0161ek se u\u010dil rusky v \u010ceskoslovansk\u00e9 akademii obchodn\u00ed v Resslov\u011b ulici. Jeho talent oce\u0148oval mlad\u00fd profesor angli\u010dtiny V\u00e1clav Alois Jung, kter\u00fd v roce 1892 vydal sv\u016fj p\u0159eklad Ev\u017eena On\u011bgina. Profesor Jung sice Ha\u0161ka p\u0159\u00edmo neu\u010dil, ale \u010detl a chv\u00e1lil jeho pov\u00eddky. Ha\u0161ek byl, stejn\u011b jako on a generace jejich vrstevn\u00edk\u016f okouzlen ruskou literaturou. Ver\u0161oval Pu\u0161kinskou strofou a sv\u016fj tul\u00e1ck\u00fd vzor m\u011bl v Maximu Gork\u00e9m, do jeho\u017e podoby se stylizoval dlouh\u00fdmi vlasy a kn\u00edrem.<\/div>\n
\"hasek_jako_gorkij_W.jpg\"<\/div>\n
Ha\u0161ek \u00e1 la Gorkij<\/strong><\/div>\n
S Ruskou \u0159\u00ed\u0161\u00ed se nedobrovoln\u011b sezn\u00e1mil v roce 1903, kdy\u017e byl p\u0159i sv\u00fdch toulk\u00e1ch monarchi\u00ed zat\u010den koz\u00e1ckou hl\u00eddkou na hranici s Ruskem. V policejn\u00edm hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed ze z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed t\u00e9ho\u017e roku se p\u00ed\u0161e, \u017ee:<\/div>\n
\u201e\u2026 byl zadr\u017een mlad\u00edk ud\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed, \u017ee je synem b\u00fdval\u00e9ho profesora Josefa Ha\u0161ka, r. 1897 zem\u0159el\u00e9ho v Praze, a \u017ee jeho matka, vdova Kate\u0159ina Ha\u0161kov\u00e1, bydl\u00ed v Kr\u00e1l. Vinohradech, \u010celakovsk\u00e9ho ul. \u010d. 24. Byl pr\u00fd a\u017e do 24. kv\u011btna t. r. zam\u011bstn\u00e1n u banky Slavie a pot\u00e9 cestoval po Uhr\u00e1ch a Hali\u010di jako dopisovatel \u010dasopisu.\u201c<\/em><\/span><\/div>\n
O deset let pozd\u011bji vyl\u00ed\u010dil Ha\u0161ek toto dobrodru\u017estv\u00ed v pov\u00eddce Proch\u00e1zka p\u0159es hranici<\/em>.<\/div>\n
\"ilustrace_k_povidce_W.jpg<\/div>\n
Ilustrace Josefa Ulricha k pov\u00eddce Proch\u00e1zka p\u0159es hranice<\/em><\/strong><\/div>\n
Rusky u\u010dil i svou nast\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed \u017eenu Jarmilu Mayerovou, dopisy j\u00ed p\u00ed\u0161e \u010dasto ve ver\u0161\u00edch:<\/div>\n
\u201eA f\u00e1dn\u011b \u017eiji, leccos p\u00ed\u0161i,<\/em>
v pochybn\u00fdch kr\u010dm\u00e1ch sed\u00e1v\u00e1m,<\/em>
kde star\u00fd chlap\u00edk na citeru<\/em>
truchliv\u00e9 ver\u0161e hr\u00e1v\u00e1 n\u00e1m …<\/em><\/div>\n
… a n\u011bkdy tak\u00e9 i \u201esvou\u201c ru\u0161tinou<\/div>\n
\u0412\u0441\u0451 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0430\u044f,
\u043a\u0430\u043a \u0441\u044e\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u041f\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0435 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0443 \u044f,
\u0432\u0430\u0441, \u043b\u044e\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0430\u044f, \u043e\u0436\u0438\u0434\u0430\u044e…
\u0418\u043b‘ \u0434\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f?<\/em><\/div>\n
\u017den\u00ed se v kv\u011btnu 1910.<\/div>\n
V\u00e1s p\u0159ece miluji v\u00edc ne\u017e hesla! Komu psal Jaroslav Ha\u0161ek milostn\u00e9 dopisy?<\/em>
<\/strong>\u010cl\u00e1nek Aleny Wagnerov\u00e9 na webu novinky.cz.<\/a><\/div>\n
\"hasek_a_jarmila_W.jpg\"<\/div>\n
Jaroslav Ha\u0161ek a Jarmila Mayerov\u00e1, Praha, Karlovo n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed<\/strong><\/div>\n
* * *<\/div>\n
V \u00fanoru 1915 rukuje k 91. p\u011b\u0161\u00edmu pluku v \u010cesk\u00fdch Bud\u011bjovic\u00edch, v \u010dervnu odj\u00ed\u017ed\u00ed na ruskou frontu do Hali\u010de. V z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed se naskytla u Chorupan mo\u017enost p\u0159eb\u011bhnut\u00ed fronty. P\u0159i \u00fastupu vyu\u017eil sv\u00e9 znalosti ru\u0161tiny, od m\u00edstn\u00edch se dozv\u011bd\u011bl, kde je brod, a p\u0159evedl cel\u00fd prapor p\u0159es \u0159eku Ikvu. Dost\u00e1v\u00e1 se do zajateck\u00e9ho t\u00e1bora v Darnici na Ukrajin\u011b, posl\u00e9ze do t\u00e1bora v Tock\u00e9m pobl\u00ed\u017e Buzuluku.<\/div>\n
V prosinci 1915 odj\u00ed\u017ed\u00ed do Kyjeva jako dobrovoln\u00edk \u010cesk\u00e9 dru\u017einy, p\u0159edch\u016fdkyn\u011b \u010deskoslovensk\u00fdch legi\u00ed v Rusku. Od l\u00e9ta 1916 za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 publikovat v kyjevsk\u00e9m krajansk\u00e9m \u010dasopise \u010cechoslovan<\/em> a p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed do jeho redakce. Velk\u00e9 pobou\u0159en\u00ed v Rakousko-Uhersku vyvolala Pov\u00eddka o obrazu c\u00edsa\u0159e Franti\u0161ka Josefa I<\/em>., kdy bylo dokonce za toto d\u00edlo na Ha\u0161ka uvaleno obvin\u011bn\u00ed z velezrady.<\/div>\n
\"hasek_s_dymkou_W.jpg\"<\/div>\n
Ha\u0161ek v redakci \u010dasopisu \u010cechoslovan<\/em>, Kyjev, 1917<\/strong><\/div>\n
To dokazuje p\u0159\u00edkaz k zat\u010den\u00ed:<\/div>\n
\u201eJaroslav Ha\u0161ek je v Rusku spolupracovn\u00edkem \u010dasopisu \u010cechoslovan, kter\u00fd sleduje vlastizr\u00e1dn\u00e9 tendence, a p\u00ed\u0161e fejetony ur\u00e1\u017eej\u00edc\u00ed Majest\u00e1t. Obvin\u011bn\u00fd je vystaven trestn\u00edmu st\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed pro velezr\u00e1dn\u00fd a Veli\u010denstvo ur\u00e1\u017eej\u00edc\u00ed obsah tisku. Popis hledan\u00e9ho: \u0160t\u00edhl\u00fd, \u010dern\u00e9 vlasy, kn\u00edrek, tup\u00fd nos, \u0161pi\u010dat\u00e9 \u010delo, mluv\u00ed \u010desky, n\u011bmecky, francouzsky, ma\u010farsky a trochu polsky.\u201c<\/span> <\/em><\/div>\n
Zapomn\u011bli na ru\u0161tinu.<\/div>\n
Ha\u0161ek jezd\u00ed po zajateck\u00fdch t\u00e1borech z\u00edsk\u00e1vat nov\u00e9 dobrovoln\u00edky pro boj proti Rakousku-Uhersku.\u00a0 V listopadu 1917 propukla v Petrohrad\u011b revoluce. \u010cs. vojska za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed ustupovat z Ukrajiny na v\u00fdchod. Ha\u0161ek kritizuje kyjevskou odbo\u010dku \u010ceskoslovensk\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed rady na Rusi. Je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za vlastizr\u00e1dce, proto\u017ee nesd\u00edl\u00ed stejn\u00e9 n\u00e1zory s veden\u00edm legi\u00ed. V b\u0159eznu roku 1918 ode\u0161el p\u0159es Charkov do Moskvy a stal se zde \u010dlenem \u010desk\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u011b demokratick\u00e9 levice. Nesouhlasil s domluven\u00fdm p\u0159esunem \u010ceskoslovensk\u00e9ho sboru p\u0159es Sibi\u0159 do Francie a vyj\u00e1d\u0159il to sv\u00fdm prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edm:<\/div>\n
\u010cteno na sch\u016fzi O\u010cNR 10. b\u0159ezna 1918.<\/div>\n
\u201eOdbo\u010dce \u010ceskoslovensk\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed rady: Oznamuji t\u00edmto, \u017ee nesouhlas\u00edm s politikou Odbo\u010dky \u010ceskoslovensk\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed rady a s odjezdem na\u0161eho vojska do Francie. Prohla\u0161uji, \u017ee vystupuji z \u010desk\u00e9ho vojska do t\u00e9 doby, dokud nezavl\u00e1dne v n\u011bm a v cel\u00e9m veden\u00ed N\u00e1rodn\u00ed rady jin\u00fd sm\u011br. Pros\u00edm, aby toto m\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed bylo vzato na v\u011bdom\u00ed. Budu i nad\u00e1le pracovat pro revoluci v Rakousku a za osvobozen\u00ed na\u0161eho n\u00e1roda.<\/em>„<\/span><\/div>\n
Jaroslav Ha\u0161ek<\/em><\/span><\/div>\n
V dubnu odj\u00ed\u017ed\u00ed do Samary, kde pom\u00e1h\u00e1 formovat \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9 odd\u00edly p\u0159i Rud\u00e9 arm\u00e1d\u011b. Po obkl\u00ed\u010den\u00ed Samary legion\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdm vojskem ut\u00edk\u00e1 v p\u0159estrojen\u00ed, t\u0159i m\u011bs\u00edce se skr\u00fdv\u00e1 p\u0159ed legion\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdmi hl\u00eddkami a putuje mordvinsk\u00fdmi vesnicemi. V z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed se vrac\u00ed k Rud\u00e9 arm\u00e1d\u011b v Simbirsku a za m\u011bs\u00edc je vysl\u00e1n s odd\u00edlem \u010cuva\u0161\u016f do Bugulmy. St\u00e1v\u00e1 se \u010dlenem politick\u00e9ho odd\u011blen\u00ed 5. arm\u00e1dy a jmenov\u00e1n pomocn\u00edkem velitele m\u011bsta Bugulmy.<\/div>\n
* * *<\/div>\n
V letech 1919 – 1920 postupn\u011b zast\u00e1v\u00e1 \u010detn\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 i politick\u00e9 funkce, je redaktorem n\u011bkolika \u010dasopis\u016f v r\u016fzn\u00fdch jazyc\u00edch v Uf\u011b, Krasnojarsku, \u010celjabinsku, Omsku a Irkutsku. V kv\u011btnu 1920 se – deset let po sv\u00e9 prvn\u00ed svatb\u011b, ani\u017e by byl rozveden – \u017een\u00ed v Krasojarsku s Alexandrou Grigorjevnou Lvovovou (\u201e\u0160urou\u201c).<\/div>\n
\"hasek_a_alexandra_W.jpg<\/div>\n
Jaroslav Ha\u0161ek a Alexandra Lvov\u00e1, Krasnojarsk<\/strong><\/div>\n
V srpnu 1920 je Ha\u0161ek zvolen \u010dlenem m\u011bstsk\u00e9ho sov\u011btu v Irkutsku, redaktorem \u010dasopis\u016f Sturm\u2014Roham<\/em> (\u00datok<\/em>, n\u011bm.\/ma\u010f.), Bjuleten politrabotnika<\/em> (Bulletin politick\u00e9ho pracovn\u00edka<\/em>, rus.), \u0170r<\/em> (\u00dasvit,<\/em> burjatsky). V \u0159\u00edjnu byl jmenov\u00e1n z\u00e1stupcem n\u00e1\u010deln\u00edka politick\u00e9ho odd\u011blen\u00ed 5. arm\u00e1dy a byl zran\u011bn p\u0159i pokusu o atent\u00e1t. Koncem m\u011bs\u00edce je povol\u00e1n do Moskvy s t\u00edm, \u017ee bude vysl\u00e1n do Prahy na pomoc soci\u00e1ln\u011b demokratick\u00e9mu hnut\u00ed. V Moskv\u011b dostali Ha\u0161ek se \u0160urou pasy na jm\u00e9na Josef Steidl, zajatec, a Alexandra Steidlov\u00e1. V listopadu 1920 cestovali p\u0159es Petrohrad a Narvu do Revakku (Tallinn), pak lod\u00ed do \u0160t\u011bt\u00edna odkud jeli vlakem p\u0159es Berl\u00edn do karant\u00e9nn\u00edho t\u00e1bora v Pardubic\u00edch.<\/div>\n
V sov\u011btsk\u00e9m Rusku byl Ha\u0161ek vn\u00edm\u00e1n jako zodpov\u011bdn\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk a schopn\u00fd organiz\u00e1tor. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd byl jist\u011b z\u00e1kaz pit\u00ed alkoholu, ale hlavn\u011b to, \u017ee dostal mo\u017enost uplatnit ty str\u00e1nky sv\u00e9ho charakteru, kter\u00e9 se nemohly projevit ve stabilizovan\u00fdch \u010desk\u00fdch pom\u011brech.<\/div>\n
\u201eHa\u0161k\u016fv pom\u011br k revoluci byl slo\u017eit\u00fd. Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku ji v\u00edtal ve jm\u00e9nu soci\u00e1ln\u00ed spravedlnosti. Pozd\u011bji, kdy\u017e byla „zest\u00e1tn\u011bna“ a p\u0159evahy nabyla hrubost a nevzd\u011blanost, nastalo u Ha\u0161ka roz\u010darov\u00e1n\u00ed. Pov\u00eddky z Bugulmy (1921) jsou kl\u00ed\u010dem k pochopen\u00ed Ha\u0161kovy d\u011bjinn\u00e9 ironie, je\u017e vyr\u016fst\u00e1 z roz\u010darov\u00e1n\u00ed z v\u00e1lky, ale i z revoluce. Kdyby nebylo seri\u00e1lu Velitelem m\u011bsta Bugulmy, nebylo by ani povznesen\u00e9, ironick\u00e9 polohy Osud\u016f dobr\u00e9ho voj\u00e1ka \u0160vejka.\u201c<\/em><\/span><\/div>\n
PhDr. Radko Pytl\u00edk,CSc.
Lipnice, duben 2013<\/div>\n
\u0158ada zaj\u00edmavost\u00ed a podrobnost\u00ed o Jaroslavu Ha\u0161kovi a jeho d\u00edle je na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch Virtu\u00e1ln\u00edho muzea:<\/div>\n
Virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed muzeum Jaroslava Ha\u0161ka & Josefa \u0160vejka<\/strong><\/a><\/div>\n
Ji\u0159\u00ed Klapka<\/em><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Jaroslav Ha\u0161ek se u\u010dil rusky v \u010ceskoslovansk\u00e9 akademii obchodn\u00ed v Resslov\u011b ulici. Jeho talent oce\u0148oval mlad\u00fd profesor angli\u010dtiny V\u00e1clav Alois Jung, kter\u00fd v roce 1892 vydal sv\u016fj p\u0159eklad Ev\u017eena On\u011bgina. Profesor Jung sice Ha\u0161ka p\u0159\u00edmo neu\u010dil, ale \u010detl a chv\u00e1lil jeho pov\u00eddky. Ha\u0161ek byl, stejn\u011b jako on a generace jejich vrstevn\u00edk\u016f okouzlen ruskou literaturou. Ver\u0161oval\u2026 Read More: JAROSLAV HA\u0160EK A RUSKO »<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4871","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nezarazene"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/asociacerusistu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4871","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/asociacerusistu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/asociacerusistu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asociacerusistu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asociacerusistu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4871"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/asociacerusistu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4871\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5100,"href":"https:\/\/asociacerusistu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4871\/revisions\/5100"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/asociacerusistu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4871"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asociacerusistu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4871"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asociacerusistu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4871"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}