{"id":3336,"date":"2021-11-23T01:51:49","date_gmt":"2021-11-23T01:51:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/asociacerusistu.cz\/?p=3336"},"modified":"2021-11-23T01:51:49","modified_gmt":"2021-11-23T01:51:49","slug":"lotyssko-ktere-okouzli","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/asociacerusistu.cz\/?p=3336","title":{"rendered":"LOTY\u0160SKO, KTER\u00c9 OKOUZL\u00cd"},"content":{"rendered":"
V z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2021 jsem opakovan\u011b nav\u0161t\u00edvila Loty\u0161sko. Pobaltskou zemi, pln\u00fdm n\u00e1zvem Loty\u0161sk\u00e1 republika, ve kter\u00e9 \u017eij\u00ed necel\u00e9 2 miliony obyvatel, jsem si zamilovala.<\/strong><\/div>\n
S up\u0159\u00edmnost\u00ed, pohostinnost\u00ed a p\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdm chov\u00e1n\u00edm se setk\u00e1v\u00e1te na ka\u017ed\u00e9m kroku. Velice m\u011b p\u0159ekvapil a z\u00e1rove\u0148 pot\u011b\u0161il up\u0159\u00edmn\u00fd z\u00e1jem student\u016f v Rize i v Daugavpilsu o \u010ceskou republiku a \u010deskou kulturu.<\/div>\n
Ve dnech 22.-25. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed jsem se z\u00fa\u010dastnila mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00e9 konference \u201eXXV. Slovansk\u00e9 \u010dten\u00ed\u201c, kter\u00e9 po\u0159\u00e1dala katedra rusistiky a rusk\u00e9 literatury Univerzity v Daugavpilsu (Loty\u0161sko). (informace byla zve\u0159ejn\u011bna na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch \u010cARu a \u010cRS 13.10.2021- \u201eAktivity Rusk\u00e9ho centra v Plzni\u201c).<\/div>\n
Druh\u00e9 nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed m\u011bsto Loty\u0161ska, Daugavpils ( \u010desky Dvinohrad ) le\u017e\u00ed v jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti zem\u011b, 190 km jihov\u00fdchodn\u011b od Rigy na soutoku \u0159ek Daugavy a Lauce. Zal\u00edbilo se mi svoj\u00ed malebnost\u00ed, \u010distotou a um\u011bn\u00edm skloubit historick\u00e9 pam\u00e1tky s modern\u00edmi prvky. Podle \u0159eky Daugavy bylo m\u011bsto tak\u00e9 pojmenov\u00e1no (Daugavpils \u2013 hrad Daugava). D\u00edky sv\u00e9 poloze je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00edm uzlem a pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdm centrem. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b zde \u017eije necel\u00fdch 80 000 obyvatel, z nich\u017e t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 polovina jsou Rusov\u00e9. Nikde jsem nezaznamenala negativn\u00ed reakce na ru\u0161tinu; v\u0161ude j\u00ed automaticky pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed.<\/div>\n
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Daugavpils<\/strong><\/div>\n
Historie<\/div>\n
Prvn\u00ed zm\u00ednka o Daugavpilsu<\/strong><\/a> poch\u00e1z\u00ed z roku 1275, kdy\u017e tu Ernst von Rassburg z \u0158\u00e1du me\u010dov\u00fdch brat\u0159\u00ed vybudoval kamennou pevnost (D\u00fcnaburg) d\u016fle\u017eitou pro boje s dosud pohansk\u00fdmi Litevci. N\u011bme\u010dt\u00ed ryt\u00ed\u0159i v t\u00e9to dob\u011b ovl\u00e1dali \u00fazem\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 cel\u00e9ho Loty\u0161ska, Estonska, \u00fazem\u00ed dne\u0161n\u00ed Kaliningradsk\u00e9 oblasti Rusk\u00e9 federace, \u010d\u00e1sti Litvy a Polska.<\/div>\n
Pevnost D\u00fcnaburg je v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b opravena a je nejstar\u0161\u00ed turistickou pam\u00e1tkou ve m\u011bst\u011b.<\/div>\n
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Jedna z budov opraven\u00e9 pevnosti \u2013 dnes zde s\u00eddl\u00ed Mark Rothko Art Center<\/strong><\/div>\n
B\u011bhem polsk\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed v letech 1561\u20131772 byl Daugavpils hlavn\u00edm m\u011bstem livonsk\u00e9ho vojvodstv\u00ed. M\u011bstsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va z\u00edskal Daugavpils roku 1582. V polovin\u011b 15. stolet\u00ed se Daugavpils dostal pod polskou nadvl\u00e1du. Pr\u00e1v\u011b v t\u00e9to dob\u011b za\u010dal odli\u0161n\u00fd v\u00fdvoj Latgalska<\/strong><\/a>. Ostatn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti Loty\u0161ska se staly sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u0160v\u00e9dsk\u00e9ho panstv\u00ed a prosadilo se tam evangelick\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed. Latgalsko pod polskou vl\u00e1dou z\u016fstalo \u0159\u00edmskokatolick\u00e9.<\/div>\n
V\u00fdchodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st Loty\u0161ska, tzv. Latgalsko, je na rozd\u00edl od ostatn\u00edch loty\u0161sk\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00ed p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b \u0159\u00edmskokatolick\u00e9, proto\u017ee a\u017e do d\u011blen\u00ed Polska pat\u0159ilo pod katolick\u00e9 Polsko (ostatn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti byly do severn\u00ed v\u00e1lky pod vl\u00e1dou evangelick\u00e9ho \u0160v\u00e9dska).<\/div>\n
V roce 1655 m\u011bsto dobyli \u0160v\u00e9dov\u00e9 a v roce 1656 rusk\u00e1 vojska. Po prvn\u00edm d\u011blen\u00ed Polska v roce 1772 p\u0159ipadl Daugavpils Rusk\u00e9mu imp\u00e9riu. Ve m\u011bst\u011b se za\u010daly budovat pravoslavn\u00e9 chr\u00e1my a p\u0159ib\u00fdvalo rusk\u00e9ho obyvatelstva. Byla postavena i \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed tra\u0165 Sankt Pet\u011brburg – Var\u0161ava, ale i trat\u011b do Vitebska a Rigy. Daugavpils se tak stal k\u0159i\u017eovatkou a strategick\u00fdm dopravn\u00edm uzlem.<\/div>\n
Od roku 1893 se m\u011bsto naz\u00fdvalo rusk\u00fdm n\u00e1zvem Dvinsk. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b brestlitevsk\u00e9ho m\u00edru obsadila Dvinsk 18. \u00fanora 1918 n\u011bmeck\u00e1 vojska. V prosinci 1918 je vyst\u0159\u00eddala Rud\u00e1 arm\u00e1da a m\u011bsto se stalo \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho Ruska. V lednu 1920 b\u011bhem v\u00e1lky mezi Polskem a bol\u0161eviky obsadili m\u011bsto Pol\u00e1ci. Od 11. srpna 1920 se stalo sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed nez\u00e1visl\u00e9ho Loty\u0161ska.<\/div>\n
Po uzav\u0159en\u00ed paktu Ribbentrop\u2013Molotov mezi SSSR a nacistick\u00fdm N\u011bmeckem obsadila m\u011bsto 17. \u010dervna 1940 sov\u011btsk\u00e1 vojska. 26. \u010dervna 1941 je vytla\u010dila b\u011bhem \u00fatoku na SSSR nacistick\u00e1 vojska. V dob\u011b nacistick\u00e9 okupace bylo zlikvidov\u00e1no po\u010detn\u00e9 \u017eidovsk\u00e9 obyvatelstvo.<\/div>\n
V sou\u010dasnosti jsou ve m\u011bst\u011b pam\u00e1tn\u00edky, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed tuto smutnou dobu. 27. \u010dervence 1944 byli N\u011bmci vytla\u010deni sov\u011btsk\u00fdmi vojsky a m\u011bsto se op\u011bt stalo sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed SSSR a\u017e do vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed nez\u00e1vislosti Loty\u0161ska v roce 1991.<\/div>\n
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Pam\u00e1tn\u00edk<\/strong><\/div>\n
* * *<\/strong><\/div>\n
Krom\u011b ofici\u00e1ln\u00edho programu v\u011bdeck\u00e9 konference jsem m\u011bla mo\u017enost poznat i \u0159adu pam\u00e1tek a zaj\u00edmavost\u00ed Daugavpilsu.<\/div>\n
Z hotelov\u00e9 restaurace byl kr\u00e1sn\u00fd v\u00fdhled na chr\u00e1movou horu. Je to m\u00edsto, kde jsou vedle sebe \u010dty\u0159i kr\u00e1sn\u011b opraven\u00e9 kostely.<\/div>\n
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Chr\u00e1my<\/strong><\/div>\n
Chr\u00e1m Neposkvrn\u011bn\u00e9ho po\u010det\u00ed Panny Marie<\/strong>
(\u0414\u0430\u0443\u0433\u0430\u0432\u043f\u0438\u043b\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0451\u043b \u041d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0417\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0414\u0435\u0432\u044b \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0438)<\/div>\n
Kostel byl postaven v letech 1902 – 1905 a konaly se v n\u011bm bohoslu\u017eby pro v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed polsk\u00e9 n\u00e1rodnosti. Pozd\u011bji se zde za\u010daly konat i bohoslu\u017eby v loty\u0161sk\u00e9m a rusk\u00e9m jazyce. B\u011bhem druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky a ani b\u011bhem komunistick\u00e9 diktatury nebyl chr\u00e1m uzav\u0159en.<\/div>\n
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Chr\u00e1m Neposkvrn\u011bn\u00e9ho po\u010det\u00ed Panny Marie<\/strong><\/div>\n
Chr\u00e1m svat\u00fdch Borise a Gleba<\/strong>
(\u0414\u0430\u0443\u0433\u0430\u0432\u043f\u0438\u043b\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u0444\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445
\u043a\u043d\u044f\u0437\u0435\u0439 \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0430 \u0438\u00a0\u0413\u043b\u0435\u0431\u0430)<\/div>\n
Chr\u00e1m byl postaven v letech 1904 – 1905 v novorusk\u00e9m architektonick\u00e9m stylu, kter\u00fd byl typick\u00fd pro sakr\u00e1ln\u00ed architekturu Rusk\u00e9ho imp\u00e9ria. a v roce 1938 z\u00edskal status katedr\u00e1ln\u00edho chr\u00e1mu. B\u011bhem druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky nebyl sice po\u0161kozen, ale po n\u00ed ho po\u0161kodil po\u017e\u00e1r. Pozd\u011bji p\u0159i\u0161el i o status katedr\u00e1ln\u00edho chr\u00e1mu. P\u0159esto nebyl b\u011bhem sov\u011btsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy zav\u0159en\u00fd. Katedr\u00e1ln\u00ed status byl chr\u00e1mu vr\u00e1cen v roce 1989.<\/div>\n
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Chr\u00e1m svat\u00fdch Borise a Gleba<\/strong><\/div>\n
Chr\u00e1m svat\u00e9ho Alexandra N\u011bvsk\u00e9ho<\/strong>
(\u0414\u0430\u0443\u0433\u0430\u0432\u043f\u0438\u043b\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u0444\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u041d\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e)<\/div>\n
Chr\u00e1m byl uzav\u0159en v roce 1961 v souvislosti s rozhodnut\u00edm tehdej\u0161\u00edch komunistick\u00fdch p\u0159edstavitel\u016f. O osm let pozd\u011bji byl chr\u00e1m dokonce zbour\u00e1n. Teprve v roce 1991 pravoslavn\u00ed v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed na m\u00edst\u011b zni\u010den\u00e9ho chr\u00e1mu um\u00edstili k\u0159\u00ed\u017e. S obnovou chr\u00e1mu se za\u010dalo v roce 1999. D\u00edky iniciativ\u011b v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00edch a finan\u010dn\u00edm dar\u016fm se poda\u0159ilo skromn\u00fd chr\u00e1m dokon\u010dit v roce 2003.<\/div>\n
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\u00a0<\/div>\n
Chr\u00e1m svat\u00e9ho Alexandra N\u011bvsk\u00e9ho<\/strong><\/div>\n
Ikonostas<\/strong><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n
Evangelick\u00fd kostel Martina Luthera<\/strong><\/div>\n
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Evangelick\u00fd kostel Martina Luthera<\/strong><\/div>\n
\"10_kostel_4_2.jpg\"<\/div>\n
Evangelick\u00fd kostel Martina Luthera – interi\u00e9r<\/strong><\/div>\n
Univerzita<\/strong><\/div>\n
\"11_univerzita_1_W.jpg\"<\/div>\n
Univerzita v Daugavpilsu slav\u00ed 100 let sv\u00e9ho trv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/div>\n
Fotografie z ulic Daugavpilsu<\/strong><\/div>\n
\"12_galerie_1.jpg\"<\/div>\n
\"13_galerie_2.jpg\"<\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n
\"14_galerie_3.jpg\"<\/div>\n
\"15_galerie_4.jpg\"<\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n
Daugavpils je dnes modern\u00ed m\u011bsto s kr\u00e1snou p\u011b\u0161\u00ed z\u00f3nou, n\u00e1kupn\u00edm centrem a m\u00edsty pro volno\u010dasov\u00e9 aktivity. V galeri\u00edch i v ulic\u00edch se p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 d\u00e1vn\u00e1 tradice v\u00fdroby keramiky, t\u011b\u017eba a zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edho kamene. Do Daugavpilsu se ur\u010dit\u011b vr\u00e1t\u00edm!<\/div>\n
Mgr. Vlasta Klausov\u00e1
vedouc\u00ed Rusk\u00e9ho centra v Plzni<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2021 jsem opakovan\u011b nav\u0161t\u00edvila Loty\u0161sko. Pobaltskou zemi, pln\u00fdm n\u00e1zvem Loty\u0161sk\u00e1 republika, ve kter\u00e9 \u017eij\u00ed necel\u00e9 2 miliony obyvatel, jsem si zamilovala. S up\u0159\u00edmnost\u00ed, pohostinnost\u00ed a p\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdm chov\u00e1n\u00edm se setk\u00e1v\u00e1te na ka\u017ed\u00e9m kroku. Velice m\u011b p\u0159ekvapil a z\u00e1rove\u0148 pot\u011b\u0161il up\u0159\u00edmn\u00fd z\u00e1jem student\u016f v Rize i v Daugavpilsu o \u010ceskou republiku a \u010deskou kulturu. Ve\u2026 Read More: LOTY\u0160SKO, KTER\u00c9 OKOUZL\u00cd »<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3336","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nezarazene"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/asociacerusistu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3336","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/asociacerusistu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/asociacerusistu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asociacerusistu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asociacerusistu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3336"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/asociacerusistu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3336\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3364,"href":"https:\/\/asociacerusistu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3336\/revisions\/3364"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/asociacerusistu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3336"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asociacerusistu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3336"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asociacerusistu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3336"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}